5 Social Media and Sports Lessons from SMMW 2016

Relationships aren’t built upon eyeballs. Attracting fleeting glances upon walking in the figurative room of social networks can feel good, but the most popular folks in the place are having conversations, leaving last impressions on those around. The value of attention as a KPI was a key motif at Social Media Marketing World 2016. And now that I hopefully have your attention, here are five related themes from the annual event, from which sports and social media marketers can learn:

1.    Heed the 5 R’s of quality social content: Real, Relevant, Rare, Repurposed Reproduce-able

These 5 R’s are perfect when considering your crafted content. Real means it is, well, real – authentic, not contrived, credible. Relevant means your audience has reason to care about it. Rare ties into those factors of exclusivity and surprise & delight. Make fans say ‘wow’ at least a few times per week. Repurposed is a favorite of mine, getting the most out of your content! Spruce up a highlight or try it in slo-mo, create a GIF, get a quote about the play, share a stat, do a contest around it, share it again on a lazy off-day weeks later. Yes! Finally, reproduce-able. It may sound paradoxical in light of the first four R’s, but it simply means to not invest in a new toy or widget or creative piece simply for a one-off. Be efficient and always think about scale, within reason and when possible. Social media is more than 24/7 job.

Keep the 5 R’s in mind and you’ll be a social media content king or queen in no time. But, beyond the format and overarching principles, what about the substance of the content

2. Content should do one or more of the following: Educate, Inspire, Entertain, Interact. – Chris Ducker

By now, most recognize the power and value of social media to reach, engage, and mobilize your fans and prospective fans on a daily basis. But, especially in this world in which information flows at such rapid velocity, content needs to bring it. The Educate-Inspire-Entertain-Interact all adds value to the fan consuming the content and, at its best, excites the audience enough to take action. It’s easy to nod in agreement as we all espouse the need to add value through content, but it’s essential to actually step back and evaluate whether your content is worth caring about.

3. “The new reality is that ‘Lead Magnets’ are moving out of websites into social media” – Mark Schaefer

In case you haven’t noticed, there is a lot more content consumption now happening natively on social media. Whether it’s Facebook’s videos or Instant Articles, Twitter Moments and Videos, Instagram longer videos, and Snapchat’s 360-degree ecosystem, it’s increasingly easier, and more efficient, to live in the platform. That doesn’t mean social media marketing is dead. It’s just evolving. An engaged community of fans is an engaged community of potential customers. And social networks are making it ever more easier and effective to turn those users into customers — through data capture methods like Twitter Cards, through insights and ad targeting on Facebook and Instagram, and CTA’s and brand activations cleverly integrated into native content. With so much attention and time spent in just a handful of app every day, the long-held notions of lead generation, in all forms, is starting to evolve to suit the user’s preferred experience.

 
4. You need a content strategy and a content distribution strategy. Even great content needs to be discovered.

So you have your compelling, value-added, easy-to-consume [and perhaps native] content, but it all means nothing without a distribution plan. Teams now spend tons of physical and mental and planning resources and time in crafting and creating great content and distribution is taken for granted. Perhaps some huge sports teams can rest assured good content will each enough eyeballs that the snowball will quickly grow, but not all have this luxury. Considering the best way to present content on each platform, leveraging influencers and SEO and visuals to spread your best stuff, and understanding how to enrich the emotions of your fans are all key. It’s great to be proud of your content plan and execution, but start adding ‘distribution’ a bullet point on the agenda and a point of pride.

 
5. “Brands fall prey to ‘mediumism’ prioritizing shiny objects over the actual usefulness of their message.” – Brian Solis

Social networks that have their flavor of the week moment are a dime a dozen. Many of us talk the long game, about mastering a few instead of being mediocre at many, and not chasing a new platform just because of FOMO. But then that shiny new toy keeps glistening and looking innovative as an early mover or increasing incremental reach can be too much to resist, sometimes. So accountability and self-evaluation become an important activity to undertake often. Dedication, attention, content, and time all cost something. And just checking off another Hootsuite box or copying and pasting may seem like a good idea for a few thousand more impressions, until one realizes how lazy and unaware it makes their team or brand look.

Technology, social media, and content delivery may change overnight, and marketers and social media managers must do their best to keep up. If there’s a guiding principle for 2016, which was reinforced by the thought leaders at Social Media Marketing World, it’s that relevance is more important than reach, the smartest marketers know how to specialize and scale, and attention is the most critical currency of the day.

Episode 65 Snippets: Caitlin Moyer on how the Brewers Engage Their Fans

On episode 65 of the Digital and Social Media Sports Podcast, Neil chatted with Caitlin Moyer, Director of New Media for the Milwaukee Brewers.

What follows are some snippets from the episode. Click Here to listen to the full episode or check it out and subscribe in iTunes or Stitcher.

Posted by Neil Horowitz

Follow me on Twitter @njh287 Connect on LinkedIn

Communal Experiences Win Over Fans at Live Games

Working in sports requires long days, longer nights, holidays on the job, and working every weekend. But you can’t help but get goosebumps when the game is just starting up, the crowd is cheering with unbridled enthusiasm, the music blaring, and the atmosphere in full effect. It’s a cool job.

There is something special about the feeling of being part of a community of fans, a united, emotionally invested experience. It’s why we have visceral recollections of a rendition of Take Me Out To The Ballgame or a second round of The Wave at a ballpark, the sight of thousands standing in unison with their hands in the air, waiting for a basket to drop, or the collective experience of…throwing rats on the ice?

Teams have become ever more cognizant of the power of shared traditions and experiences. Of creating sensory and shareable, magic and memorable moments. Here are a few ideas to get you thinking:

  1. The Anaheim Ducks NHL club wanted to create a unique tradition for their fans to embrace. Something to invigorate the live experience at games even more, giving fans that goosebumps-induced feeling that’ll make them feel something special. With a handy accessory, too, this is not only a mobile branding tool, but a potential sponsorship asset in the future. What is unique about attending your games? What makes the experience different, memorable, and exciting? What makes it worth talking about the next day, the next week, the next year?

community-ducksPkhorn

2. The Atlanta Hawks have been deservedly praised for establishing and owning their brand across all marketing channels, with social media the most salient. But it’s not just about echoing a social voice, it’s about cultivating that community at the games, too. A simple thing, which helps foster the kind of fan fervor seen more often at college games, the Hawks activated a “VOLTOUT” for their playoff opener. Not only did it create a visually stunning, united experience, it also tied in marketing objectives – driving merchandise sales and app downloads. How can you tie in a special, FOMO-driven live game experience and also tie in related marketing objectives?

community-hawks1 community-hawks2

 

3. Another recent entry from the NBA playoffs, that has been seen in other sports across the world in similar ways, too, #WeTheNorth brought together all the fans to create something truly unique, memorable, and united. That feeling being part of something bigger than oneself, perhaps interrupted for a Snapchat or Instagram post, is exactly that which we can all aspire for fans at every game. How can you unite your fans to accomplish something spectacular together?

community-raptorsShirt

 

4. For years, the Florida Panthers have celebrated “rat tricks.” Along with the more recent Panthers phenomenon involving a Kevin Spacey space-themed sweatshirt as their nightly top player prize, the throwing of rubber rats on the ice in celebration from Panthers fans is one of the most unique in sports. It is something Panthers fans can call their own, something every fan can eagerly anticipate at the arena, and no doubt inspires stories and social media posts. What are fans excited about each time they walk in the door and experience the live game?

community-panthers

We’re not in the business of building fan bases, we’re raising communities. It’s not a club, but a nation — with shared histories, loves, traditions, hopes, and dreams. Fighting and cheering together. Create and cultivate that atmosphere. One unique, memorable experience at a time.

5 Lessons from Coby Rich on his time running SMSports for the Arizona Cardinals

The National Football League (NFL) has some of the strongest brand power among all business in the US. With that, there is great opportunity for individual teams to reach millions of fans, with frequency, and, even more, to engage and activate them.

But change, in any industry, can be tough and gradual. The first step, naturally, is to be open to innovation and evaluate where processes and outcomes, and…whatever KPI’s can be improved. And a little pressure from peers never hurts, either. When Coby Rich arrived with the Arizona Cardinals, their position with digital and social engagement in the NFL rankings was on the lower end.

Rich helped oversee a vast improvement and enhancement in growing a bigger and more engaged fan community. Here are a few lessons from my chat with him on how they did it.

 

  1. It starts with content

    If reach and engagement isn’t consistent, or where it could or should be, the first thing to evaluate is the content. The presentation of it, the data behind it, and the proportion of payoff to investment of time and resources. If there is any unease in the importance of driving good content, there’s nothing like some data and FOMO and ego.

    “I knew I could immediately change the content side of things,” said Rich of one of the first steps taken with the team. “So we started doing things differently after those [NFL rankings] numbers were flashed on the screen that first year.”

  2. Getting effective and efficient with content 

    The NFL teams have new games just once per week, which makes for a unique array of content delivery and fan segments. It came down to studying and noting the different types of content fans want to consume and the varied manners of consumption among groups of fans.“Our video content was about ‘Let’s segment these and give fans more…’,” said Rich.

    A Sunday binge is no good no matter what you’re binge-ing on. So, while Cardinals fans indeed feasted on NFL Sundays, Rich and his team saw fit to keep them fed with snacks every day. Fans go through dozens or hundreds of micro-engagements every day, so keeping a frequent, endless scroll and ample supply of quality content is key.

  3. Build Relationships 

    In any pro, major, or minor league sport, forming genuine relationships with the athletes is integral to creating good content. Sure, it’s easier said than done, but transparency is the place to start. Help tell their stories and build their brand, celebrate with them, share the fan love with them, and gain trust. Earn the access and relationships, the kind of which may not be available to the beat reporters.

“Our digital broadcast team has a great rapport with several of the players,” described Rich. “There is a great comfortability we have (with the players)…we know who our superstars are, so we definitely utilize those guys.”

Personalities can be cultivated as the extroverts and proactive players come out, while stories can be told fans never knew about. The end result is better content, more emotionally involved and connected fans, and a better experience for all.

 

4. Mind the Mobile Fan

The biggest lesson here is to think like a fan. They’re constantly interacting with their mobile device, whether answering messages, searching for primary or secondary content, or perusing social networks and apps. Most teams and brands, nowadays, err on the side of mobile, knowing that delivering a good experience on the medium that is growing more and more is paramount.

“You have to think mobile first. Your video should be short, quick-hitting, thought-provoking, engaging…but definitely mobile-first.”

There is the additional insight into mobile – the quick consumption. Enjoy, move on to the next piece of content or, boom, your Starbucks order is ready. The mobile fan likes content they can enjoy on the small screen and, likely, share it if it is great! Think like a fan and always mind mobile, first.

 

5. Earn the right to market to fans

I borrowed the phrase “earn the right to market to fans” from former Direct or of Digital or the Tampa Bay Lightning James Royer, who now leads the digital efforts for the Kansas City Chiefs (yeah, the guy knows what he’s doing). It’s A Vaynerchuk-ian philosophy, but it’s even more powerful in sports.

The content isn’t about solving business problems or answering major, significant questions. It’s delivering upon our favorites pastimes, the things we choose to consume and follow and discuss in our so-called leisure time. When you start to look forward to messaging and interactions with the team, anything marketing or branded can and does feel that much more genuine, accepted, and effective.

“If the content is strong and the copy around it, you can balance (organic and promotional…,” explained Rich. “I’m going to (put in) the marketing stuff you have to do, but keep it engaging.'”

If your social media starts to look like just a billboard of the latest and greatest promotions and news, it’s not exactly cultivating a community.

 

The principles embraced by the Arizona Cardinals in their digital and social transformation and enhancement each hold significance in this world of social and interactive communication and delivery of (all kinds) of content. The more ans feel connected and delighted, the better for everyone and everything. When that becomes actionable and not just abstract, that’s a touchdown all the way.

Reminder, you can listen to my interview with Coby Rich here and see the summary deck here.

Scoping The Digital and Social Media Master’s Scorecard Heading into Sunday

It’s a tradition unlike any other (trademarked!), a rite of passing into spring, and the singular sports event that melds March Madness into NBA and NHL playoffs — The Master’s Tournament. While tradition reigns at Augusta National, social media has become an indispensable part of the fan experience in sports.

The Master’s has millions of followers across social platforms, along with plenty of TV coverage, and a website and mobile app. Many would say the game of golf was slow to evolve, but the social media team at The Master’s does their best to keep up with the latest and greatest.

Here’s a look at the 2016 round:

Par: Video highlights on Facebook and Twitter

longvideo   themasters_shortvideo

It’s pretty much a no-brainer, now, to provide video on social media of sports’ big events. Gone are the days when official brands thought such content undermined the networks’ media rights and cannibalize viewership. Now, it’s embraced. But the best stuff for social is, simply that…the best and most share-worthy. The snackable and mobile.

Birdie: Short, significant videos

We know video is king for content, but, as the metrics show, it’s those magic moments that matter most. And get the most views, the most shares, and the most earned media. Social media, an increasingly mobile medium, is a place for quick consumption; fuel for the next Snap, text, or Tweet. It’s easier and more likely a fan will completely consume and share a sweet snippet than a four minute package. The Master’s could’ve and should’ve done more than this throughout the rounds.

 

themasters_shortvideo2  shortvideo

 

Bogey: Instagram is about emotion and inspiration. Beauty and brand. The Master’s did a lot of good on Instagram (more on that), but this attempt at a fan’s eye view does little but display the blue sky. Contrasted with the close-ups and constructed masterpieces elsewhere from Augusta and on the Master’s feed, it becomes clear why this and similar Instagram posts received less engagement than others.

themasters_IG-Nogood.PNG

 

Eagle: Emotion and beauty on Instagram is awesome.

This is how you get someone to stop scrolling. This is how you let an image tell a story — in the case below of a determined Jordan Spieth. These Instagram posts evoke emotion and thought, a visceral reaction. If an Instagram feed doesn’t stir in some way, it’s probably time to re-craft content.

themasters_IG-good  themasters_IG-good2

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Par: A website made for mobile, highly visual, but lacking in volume of video and social media.

The Master’s website, which greets users with a video and (classic Master’s) music background splash page, is made for the mobile user. It has a side menu, quick buttons to watch and track the scores and action, and an endless scroll over highly visual story links. However, video is not very salient or featured, nor is there any integration of real-time social media content and commentary. In fact, there is no links to, nor promotion of, any of the Master’s social media outlets on this website. There is a ‘favorite’ star, presumably for personalization, but no clear call to action, let alone any attempt at data capture.

themasters_website

 

Bogey: Sharing links all over their Facebook page.

It’s no secret the Facebook algorithm isn’t friendly to shared links. The platform is optimized for content consumption natively. Content gets far more reach when there are videos and photos, with links in the description or text of the post for fans that want more. There is a place for shared links, but it’s ok to embrace content consumption, reach, and earned media on social during the big event. It will result in more net traffic and search in the long run, most likely, anyway.

themasters_sharedlink

Double bogey: No live content and no Snapchat presence

If 2016 has revealed any “new” trends, it is that any major sports event should be maximizing and capitalizing upon live content and garnering millions of views of related Snapchat stories. Not only is there no Snapchat presence at all, The Master’s has also yet to do anything with Periscope nor Facebook Live (which would be huge, given golf’s international reach). While content rights may blur the picture, there is no doubt ample opportunity to engage fans with live content beyond the links — interviews with players after their course, walking the course and the  grounds, seeing the preparation of the players, the tees, the dinners, the jacket, and talking to some of the legions of legends at Augusta. CBS will get a lot of viewers (skewing in the older demographic) of its TV coverage and The Master’s streaming on its website and its app will get a decent share, but the Master’s is surely wasting strokes not getting out to social media networks with more live content – to viewers not watching on TV and to viewers who ARE watching the hole-by-hole coverage, looking for a second screen amidst the leisurely pace of the game.

Par: Excellent app and but little promotion of it.

The Master’s App is a tour de force. It has reams of streaming live video (for the US only), highlights, and in-depth course stats and coverage. It is also a great brand activation for IBM Sports, which powers the intelligence and data that lies within the app, which is also compatible with tablet, smart watch, and Android. But, outside of some of the broadcast reads, promotion of the app is few and far between. Little to no social media mentions of its app, no incentive to download, no static presence promoting it on the website or social media bios and pinned posts of The Master’s, and, as a result, likely a lot fewer downloads than there would be otherwise. The app is a beautiful, straight shot up the fairway, that helps save par, but they fail to hit the hole with precision by not getting the word out there to fans craving a mobile companion.

themasters-app2  themasters-app3themasters-app1

Bogey: No engagement

Looking across the social media presence for The Master’s, it appears social is merely an additional broadcast medium, a one-way conversation. On Facebook, Twitter, Instagram, et al., there is virtually zero interaction with fans, no active listening, no retweeting of celebs and star athletes chiming in, golf alumni getting in on the chatter, and fans expressing emotion, joy, and disbelief at the drama playing out on the hallowed holes of Augusta National. Not only does this prevent The Master;s from surfacing and amplifying some of the best content, it also chills the potential to further fuel the fire and fans to post more, to spread the word, and to start conversations around the tournament, the content, and the stories. It is becoming a tired cliche, but one that plays out all too often — we cannot forget the *social* part of social media.

Par: Story-telling

By Master’s Sunday, the story lines are set. The leaderboard is peppered with players that all represent stories for fans to follow and for reporters to write about. The Master’s, as is the case with much major media nowadays, doesn’t wait for the traditional writers to set the stories – they frame the leaderboard, and the conversations around the players at the tip –  themselves. A set of names with minus numbers next to them becomes a collection of stories that give fans a reason to care. Why is this merely a par and not a better shot? Identifying the stories and letting reporters run with the good stuff is only half the battle. Social media allows The Master’s to not rely on merely the media, but to create compelling content themselves – with little to no effort. The potential is even greater if working with the brands affiliated with these tournament pros. A story about Matsuyama’s quest for glory for Japan can come alive with a simple photo or video from the Far East nation, or Matsuyama playing as a kid there, or a magical moment when he won a medal at The World University Games for Japan in 2011. Throw back a photo or video of the 58 year-old Bernard Langer, back from his Master’s wins decades ago, to progress the story, while giving fans great content to share and consume. Identifying the stories is the recipe — then it’s time to cook and make a great feast, complete with snacks and meals, all setting up for the big show on Master’s Sunday.

themasters-story1  themasters-story2

themasters-story3

So here we are on Master’s Sunday. A green jacket will be awarded, history will be written, and an emotional roller coaster will play out live across a plethora of platforms, spanning generations of fans. The game may not have changed much in the 80+ years that The Master’s Tournament has been played, but the amount of content and coverage is greater than ever. We love the low prices that remain at The Master’s concessions stands, but not all things are meant to stay the same.

It’s a new era and new paradigm for sports, media, fans, and social media. And the conscious caddie can see The Master’s is making some good shots, but may need a few more progress beyond par. Then, the tradition unlike any other can live up to its legend.

Enjoy Master’s Sunday!

 

Episode 64 Snippets: Coby Rich on Arizona Cardinals’s Social Media Strategy

On episode 64 of the Digital and Social Media Sports Podcast, Neil chatted with Coby Rich, former Digital Media Manager with the Arizona Cardinals, now at Get Rich Digital.

What follows are some snippets from the episode. Click Here to listen to the full episode or check it out and subscribe in iTunes or Stitcher.

Posted by Neil Horowitz

Follow me on Twitter @njh287 Connect on LinkedIn

The March Madness Social Team’s Preparation Has Paid Off

March Madness is all about the country’s best collegiate athletes competing on the court for the right to go down as national champions. For the NCAA’s championship-supporting social teams, the process of getting to the title game is not so different from the dynamic athletes playing the games.

It comes down to planning as much as possible, but being ready to adjust. Pursuing perfection and catching greatness, never staying satisfied. And worrying about the best way to accomplish goals more so than the means.

The social media team behind @MarchMadness across platforms began several months ago and involves telling stories of games, of student athletes, and of everything the NCAA brand represents. The first step was plotting out the content – not the exact copy (can’t predict anything!), but how it would look and feel. What template-like creative could be prepared in advance or readied for quick deployment. And anticipating how an ideal collection of content would look.

“We work on a strategic story for the year…and talk about a context mix,” said Chris Dion, Assistant Director for Championship and Alliances, Social Media for the NCAA of the prep process for March Madness social media. “What is our content going to look like and what content are we going to find later?”

final4-1  final4-2

Dion went on to say that each preparation meeting was punctuated with a charge to innovate. Another year means another year to try something new. Look at the social platforms the Dion’s team is utilizing this spring and innovations abound – 360-degree video, Snapchat stories, real-time GIFs, videos, and graphics. Every year builds upon the previous year – just like this season’s senior laden Final Four squads!

They’re all driven by goals. The best kind of goals, especially in business and strategy (and social), are quantifiable. Dion’s team defines, and is driven by, their goals.

“Goals lead the conversation and platforms come last…Our measurable goals are really simple. It comes down to audience growth,” explained Dion. “It’s important for us to understand that we’re growing. Followers should never be a key goal, but it (is) a good barometer of the health of the community. Engagement is number two…then, last, is reach.”

final4-3inal4-4

This team knows what they seek and, therefore, can create content strategy to maximize those measurables. There are elements that increase the reach and the NCAA, by leveraging influencers, stoking specific fan communities, and sharing others’ creative and engaging content, are not just growing their audience, but doing so through engagement and excellent content from themselves, their fans, and others.

Dion went on to explain that it remains important to speak in a language others can understand as a reason that reach remains a KPI on the main report. It’s a metric that is still important to major media buys and, therefore, is part of the NCAA strategy, too. To get it all done, requires a plan, and, as unpredictable as March Madness can be (it earned that madness moniker for a reason), planning is still very much a part of the process.

“We spend so much time planning,” explained Dion of the process that begins several month before brackets are released. “One of the ways we do that is with content calendars…shot lists…daily content…We don’t know daily results, but we do know we have to be ready for every single outcome.”

final4-4

Dion’s team goes through potential plays and stories. All of that madness that may occur and how the strategy and content and social team will play off of it, react to it, and be as prepared as possible for it. The more pathways you think through, Dion described, the more prepared you end up being for the unanticipated, too. Even if it wasn’t one of the imagined scenarios cooked up in early meetings.

Every March features a series of magic moments. And while Vegas consistently cashes in on the unpredictable nature of the weeks-long event, there is plenty of preparation the March Madness social team can and does do to make the most when the spotlight shines brightest on the NCAA. In the end, we all know March Madness will end on a Monday, cameras will flash, tears will flow, hugs will be shared, and we’ll stand captivated, reliving all the emotion, watching One Shining Moment.

A moment months in the making for Dion and his team as much as the team cutting down the nets.

 

PS: Listen to my interview with Chris Dion for more insight into March Madness and NCAA social strategy!

What Twitter’s Business Strategy Can Teach Social Pros

At the SXSports conference in March 2016, Twitter Head of Sports Partnerships for North America Danny Keens, introduced an intentional paradigm for Twitter’s business strategy. The three-step sequence was as follows:

  1. Content
  2. Distribution and Audience
  3. Revenue

Of course, Twitter has had plenty of detractors in recent days as its active users growth has seemingly stagnated in in the 320-350 million range, but it has many believers, too. Mostly, Twitter is getting better at telling its story, which, in turn helps people and brands use it better.

First, they’re recognizing that impressions on Twitter are an incomplete part of the picture. When content or news drops on Twitter, it spreads like wildfire across channels, infiltrating conversations and water coolers and live TV and other social media networks. And that matters. Which is why Twitter is now reporting true reach, which, even then probably downplays the “impressions” it originates.

Second, they’re also boasting the value of its hyper-active users, noting that its revenue per user is among the highest of the social networks.

But that’s not the point. The key to Keens’s statement can build a bottom line strategy for any team or brand. Thinking about in reverse makes it all stand out clearly — to earn revenue requires, well, reaching consumers, an audience. And now, you can only *effectively* reach users with compelling content.

Better content is already proving to not just win more earned media, but also, of course, better-converting ads. Good content is building the audiences to whom teams and brands can market to, yep, drive revenue.

That is why, while Twitter has evolved in its analytics and ad options, 80% of its features revolve around content. Emoji, GIFs, mirrors, Q&A’s, video, Moments, highlights, and (rumored to be on the way) stickers are all designed to help all users create better content. Which they hope will lead to more users wanting to create more content, too. Thereby expanding the daily audience and increasing the potential for revenue.

The biggest takeaway is to start with content. But, don’t go all in with content i you haven’t thought about #2 and #3. Know where and how content will be presented (and promoted) to grow (a relevant) audience through effective (multi-channel) distribution, and a plan for how that audience will take revenue-producing actions (which can even mean just consuming content).

So, while Keens’s commentary on Twitter’s strategy inspired this post, the point is more so know there is no chicken and egg argument from monetizing social and digital media. Content comes first and the best cooks have a recipe for how the meal will come together.